A dental surgeon designed a false upper palate with a transistor buzzer so lip and mouth movements could shape its vibration into intelligible words.

The extremely heavy Marconi-Sykes Magnetophone sat inside a cupboard-like stand and was sensitive enough to catch insects moving near its fragile coil.

Fournier d'Albe's Optophone scanned ink and translated each letter shape into a changing pattern of musical tones for blind readers.